What is the transverse cervical artery?

Description. The transverse cervical artery (transverse artery of neck or transversa colli artery) is an artery in the neck and a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery.

How do you identify spinal accessory nerve in neck dissection?

The accessory nerve can also be identified at the entry point into the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This is the perspective of the nerve identification during modified radical neck dissection.

Where does the transverse cervical artery originate from?

thyrocervical trunk
The transverse cervical artery arises from the thyrocervical trunk and can be located at the root of the neck accompanied by the transverse cervical vein (see Figure 4.1).

What does transverse cervical artery supply?

The transverse cervical artery (also called the transverse artery of the neck) is a small blood vessel located in your neck. This artery provides blood supply to your trapezius muscle, a large muscle in your back that helps raise your arms.

What does C2 nerve innervate?

It originates from the spinal column from above the cervical vertebra 2 (C2). it innervates the rectus capitis anterior and rectus capitis lateralis muscles, and provides sensory nerves to the trapezius.

What muscle is supplied by the transverse cervical vein?

the trapezius muscle
The transverse cervical artery provides the dominant blood supply of the trapezius muscle.

What are the two branches of the accessory nerve?

Traditionally the accessory nerve has been described as having both spinal and cranial roots. Consequently, the nerve is commonly discussed according to the two divisions (i.e. cranial and spinal roots).

What is nerve accessory?

The accessory nerve, also known as the eleventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve XI, or simply CN XI, is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is classified as the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves because part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain.

What is in the circle of Willis?

Overview. The Circle of Willis is the joining area of several arteries at the bottom (inferior) side of the brain. At the Circle of Willis, the internal carotid arteries branch into smaller arteries that supply oxygenated blood to over 80% of the cerebrum.

What does the transverse cervical nerve innervate?

The transverse cervical nerve, also known as the superficial cervical nerve, cutaneous cervical nerve or anterior cutaneous cervical nerve of the neck, is a cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus that innervates the skin covering the anterior cervical region.

Why is it called accessory nerve?

In 1848, Jones Quain described the nerve as the “spinal nerve accessory to the vagus”, recognizing that while a minor component of the nerve joins with the larger vagus nerve, the majority of accessory nerve fibres originate in the spinal cord.

What are accessory nerves?

Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI) The accessory nerve is a motor nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Some texts consider the ‘cranial’ root, which arises from the caudal portion of the nucleus ambiguus, as part of the accessory nerve.

Why is accessory nerve important?

The accessory nerve provides motor function (movement) to two muscles essential to neck and shoulder movement, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and the trapezius, as well as to the larynx (voice box) and other structures in the throat.

Why is the circle of Willis so special?

The circle of Willis is of great clinical significance due to its structure, function, and location. As the connection between the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations, the CoW perfuses the brain and protects against ischemia (at least in those with a complete or mostly-complete ring of vessels).

What does C1 and C2 innervate?

They stimulate muscle movement in your neck, shoulder, arm and hand, and provide sensation. Cervical nerves C1, C2 and C3 control your forward, backward and side head and neck movements. The C2 nerve provides sensation to the upper area of your head; C3 gives sensation to the side of your face and back of your head.

What is the main function of accessory nerve?

The accessory nerve is a cranial nerve that controls the movement of certain neck muscles. It is coiled in appearance. It is divided into spinal and cranial divisions, but its cranial part is often disregarded.

Where is the accessory nerve located?

The spinal accessory nerve originates from neuronal cell bodies located in the cervical spinal cord and caudal medulla. Most are located in the spinal cord and ascend through the foramen magnum and exit the cranium through the jugular foramen.

What are the 4 main arteries supplying the brain?

The brain receives blood from two sources: the internal carotid arteries, which arise at the point in the neck where the common carotid arteries bifurcate, and the vertebral arteries (Figure 1.20). The internal carotid arteries branch to form two major cerebral arteries, the anterior and middle cerebral arteries.

The transverse cervical artery, also known as the cervicodorsal trunk, is 1 of the 4 branches of the thyrocervical trunk (off the first part of the subclavian artery). It is a short artery that bifurcates into the superficial and deep branches, both which course superficially and laterally across the phrenic nerve and anterior scalene muscle.

Where does the accessory nerve cross the transverse process?

As the accessory nerve moves across the transverse process of the atlas, it is crossed by the occipital artery. As it moves caudally, it is medially related to the stylohyoid and digastric muscles, as well as the styloid process.

How is the accessory nerve assessed in the clinical setting?

Assessment of the accessory nerve in the clinical setting can be quickly conducted by checking the muscle bulk, tone, and power. With the patient sitting upright, adequately expose the patient to visualize the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

What is the function of the transverse cervical nerve?

The transverse cervical nerve carries solely sensory fibers. Its main function is to provide sensory innervation to the skin  overlying the anterolateral aspect of the neck . This article will discuss the anatomy  and function of the transverse cervical nerve.