What is the function of the renal system Mcq?

The purpose of the urinary system is to produce, stores and eliminates urine & waste product (ex- ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine & bilirubin) from the body, urinary system also work as a regulation of blood plasma electrolyte and blood osmolarity, blood pH, blood volume and BP.

What is the most common cause of renal failure?

Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney disease. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. But also heart disease and obesity can contribute to the damage that causes kidneys to fail.

How long does the Oliguric stage last?

Oliguric Phase: The most common initial clinical mani- festation of AKI is oliguria, defined as a reduction in urine output less than 400 mL/day. Oliguria is manifested with- in 1 to 7 days of kidney injury. This phase typically lasts 10 to 14 days but can last months in some cases.

Which action is most important during bladder training in a client with a neurogenic bladder?

Initiation of a fluid schedule is an important initial intervention in the management of neurogenic bladder patients requiring intermittent catheterization as part of their neurogenic bladder management and may also be of help in patients with uninhibited neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

What is GFR test?

GFR – A blood test measures how much blood your kidneys filter each minute, which is known as your glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Urine Albumin – A urine test checks for albumin in your urine. Albumin is a protein that can pass into the urine when the filters in the kidneys are damaged.

What is the location of Bowman’s capsule?

the kidney
The Bowman’s capsule is found in the outer part of the kidney, the cortex. Essentially, the capsule is a sealed, expanded sac at the end of the tubule, the rest of which elongates into a twisted and looped tubule in which urine is formed. Figure 9.2. Structural overview of a nephron, the functional unit of the kidney.

What are the 7 functions of the kidney?

How Your Kidneys Work

• remove waste products from the body.
• remove drugs from the body.
• balance the body’s fluids.
• release hormones that regulate blood pressure.
• produce an active form of vitamin D that promotes strong, healthy bones.
• control the production of red blood cells.

What causes anuria?

Anuria, sometimes called anuresis, refers to the lack of urine production. This can happen as a result of conditions like shock, severe blood loss and failure of your heart or kidneys. It can also be due to medications or toxins. Anuria is an emergency and can be life-threatening.

Why is Kayexalate used in renal patients?

Management of hyperkalemia is dependent upon the extent of potassium increase and associated patient symptoms. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) (Kayexalate®) is a cation exchange resin that trades sodium ions for potassium ions, mostly in the large intestine, to enhance the fecal elimination of excess potassium.

What are the 2 types of neurogenic bladder?

There are two types of neurogenic bladder.

• Overactive bladder causes you to have little or no control over your urination. It can also cause you to feel a sudden or frequent need to urinate.
• Underactive bladder occurs when your bladder muscles lose their ability to hold your urine.

What is the creatinine ratio?

Albumin/creatinine ratio describes how much albumin is in a urine sample relative to how much creatinine there is. The results are reported as the number of milligrams (mg) of albumin for every gram (g) of creatinine. Results indicating a healthy kidney are: For adult men, less than 17 mg/g.

What is eGFR formula?

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) = 141 x (Cr/79.2)-1.209 x (0.993)Age. Levey et al31 reported that CKD-EPI yielded lower estimated prevalence of CKD than the MDRD (11.5% versus 13.1%), mainly because of a lower estimated prevalence of stage 3 CKD.

What is the loop of Henle?

loop of Henle, long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney of reptiles, birds, and mammals. The principal function of the loop of Henle is in the recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine.

What is normal GFR age?

eGFR gets lower as we age (even when you don’t have kidney disease)

Age (years)	Average eGFR
30–39	107
40–49	99
50–59	93
60–69	85

What is GFR in CKD?

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is equal to the total of the filtration rates of the functioning nephrons in the kidney. GFR is considered the optimal way to measure kidney function, which in conjunction with albuminuria, can help determine the extent of CKD in an individual.

Why do we have 2 kidneys?

They help your bones stay healthy, tell your body when to make new blood cells, and even help you stay upright when you’re walking around all day by taking care of your blood pressure. With all those important functions, scientist think having two kidneys must be important for our survival.