What does parametrial invasion mean?

Parametrial invasion as well as the main tumor characteristics were determined by pathologic analysis. Parametrium involvement was defined as the presence of tumor cells in or beyond the parametrial vessels.

What is parametrial involvement in cervical cancer?

Methods: We reviewed the cases of all women who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with SLN biopsy for invasive cervical cancer between April 2004 and December 2009. Parametrial involvement was defined as direct extension, nodal disease or spread through vascular channels.

What is Parametrial extension?

Classical anatomical scheme of parametrium location and extension. The frontal section through the uterus and parametrium shows tissue surrounding the uterine corpus and cervix, extending to the pelvic sidewall, and uterine vessels within the parametrium penetrating the uterus at the isthmus level.

What is the FIGO staging system?

FIGO Staging is based on clinical staging, careful clinical examination before any definitive therapy has begun. Exception: ovary, which includes surgical exploration.

What is Parametrial?

The parametrium is a band of fibrous tissue that separates the supravaginal portion of the cervix from the bladder. It extends on to its sides and laterally between the layers of the broad ligaments. The uterine artery and ovarian ligament are located in the parametrium.

What is LEEP conization?

Conization (cone biopsy) and LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure) are treatments that identify and remove abnormal tissue from the cervix in cases of cervical dysplasia. Conization is also called a cone biopsy because it removes a cone-shaped section of abnormal tissue for laboratory examination.

What is Trachelectomy procedure?

A radical trachelectomy is an operation to remove most of the cervix and the upper part of the vagina. The womb is left in place and so it may be possible to have a baby afterwards. You might have this type of operation for a small stage 1 cancer.

What does FIGO score mean?

The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) developed a grading system for endometrial carcinoma. It is based on the percentage of cells in the tumour that grow in sheets (called solid tumour growth) rather than form glands. It may also take into account how abnormal the cells appear.

What is a Parametrial mass?

The parametrium is the fibrous and fatty connective tissue that surrounds the uterus. This tissue separates the supravaginal portion of the cervix from the bladder. The parametrium lies in front of the cervix and extends laterally between the layers of the broad ligaments.

When do you need a cone biopsy?

Cone biopsy is done to detect cervical cancer or early changes that lead to cancer. A cone biopsy is done if a test called colposcopy cannot find the cause of an abnormal Pap smear. Cone biopsy may also be used to treat: Moderate to severe types of abnormal cell changes (called CIN II or CIN III)

What is better cone biopsy or LEEP?

Conization procedures are more precise and can remove more tissue than the LEEP method. LEEP is more frequently used in high-grade cervical dysplasia cases and is both a treatment and diagnostic procedure.

What is the difference between a LEEP procedure and a cone biopsy?

A cone biopsy is a surgical procedure to find and treat a problem in the cervix, particularly if the abnormality extends into the endocervical canal. LEEP refers to a specific technique for doing the cone biopsy.

Is trachelectomy painful?

After a trachelectomy, you can expect some pain where your surgeon made the cut. This can last for about 4 to 6 weeks, although it should get better day-by-day. The level of pain varies from person to person. If you are in a lot of pain or find it is affecting your day-to-day life, talk to your healthcare team.

Can a woman live without a cervix?

A woman does not need a uterus or cervix to reach orgasm. The area around the clitoris and the lining of the vagina remain as sensitive as before a hysterectomy. More information about managing the sexual side effects of cervical cancer treatment can be found in Sex and the Woman with Cancer.

How many FIGO grades are there?

Endometrial carcinoma

FIGO grade	Description
1	5% or less of tumour tissue is solid tumour growth. The cancer cells are well-differentiated.
2	6%–50% of tissue is solid tumour growth. The cancer cells are moderately differentiated.
3	More than 50% of tissue is solid tumour growth. The cancer cells are poorly differentiated.

What causes enlarged cervix?

Possible causes of cervicitis include: Sexually transmitted infections. Most often, the bacterial and viral infections that cause cervicitis are transmitted by sexual contact. Cervicitis can result from common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis and genital herpes.