What is the function of MyoD?

Function. The function of MyoD in development is to commit mesoderm cells to a skeletal myoblast lineage, and then to regulate that continued state. MyoD may also regulate muscle repair. MyoD mRNA levels are also reported to be elevated in aging skeletal muscle.

How does MyoD control gene expression?

The MyoD family members activate the expression of muscle-specific genes in skeletal muscle cells by binding to a CAXXTG sequence, which is known as the E-box.

Why is MyoD a master regulatory gene?

MyoD is a master regulator of skeletal myogenesis1 due to its ability to initiate the myogenic program in myoblasts,2 fibroblasts3 and a variety of other cell types.

What is MyoD biology?

MyoD is a skeletal muscle-specific bHLH transcription factor, which is activated early during myogenesis and commits undifferentiated cells to the muscle lineage. From: Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 2011.

What type of transcription factor is MyoD?

basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor
Myod encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor belonging to a larger family of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) that together control determination and differentiation of all skeletal muscle cells.

Is MyoD a high or low abundance protein?

In several vertebrates, MyoD mRNA and protein is relatively more abundant in fast muscle and myogenin mRNA in slow muscle [12,17,18], suggesting a potential role in controlling muscle fibre phenotype.

Is MyoD a dimer?

As with many helix-loop-helix proteins, myogenic regulatory proteins of the MyoD family form dimers and bind to a specific DNA sequence (CANNTG), called theE box, in the enhancer region of muscle-specific genes.

MyoD is a protein that plays a major role in regulating muscle differentiation. MyoD, which was discovered in the laboratory of Harold M. Weintraub, belongs to a family of proteins known as myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). These bHLH (basic helix loop helix) transcription factors act sequentially in myogenic differentiation.

How does MyoD affect the cell cycle?

One of the main actions of MyoD is to remove cells from the cell cycle (halt proliferation for terminal cell cycle arrest in differentiated myocytes) by enhancing the transcription of p21 and myogenin. MyoD is inhibited by cyclin dependent kinases ( CDKs ). CDKs are in turn inhibited by p21.

What is the function of myogenin MRF4 and Myf5?

While MYF5, MYOD, Myogenin and MRF4 have subtle roles in mature muscle, they again play a crucial role in directing satellite cell function to regenerate skeletal muscle: linking the genetic control of developmental and regenerative myogenesis.

What is the role of MyoD and PRB in repression of cyclin D1?

Both MyoD and pRb are necessary for the repression of cyclin D1, but rather than acting directly on cyclin D1, they act on Fra-1 which is immediately early of cyclin D1.