What is the role of alpha toxin?

α-Toxin is the archetypal β-barrel pore-forming membrane-damaging cytotoxin [99]. It is a proven virulence factor in several animal infection models and is essential for infections which disrupt epithelial barriers such as in the lung (pneumonia) [100], the cornea (keratoconjunctivitis) and the skin (dermonecrosis).

What does alpha hemolysin do?

α-hemolysin Secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, this toxin binds with the outer membrane, with subsequent oligomerization of the toxin monomers to form water-filled channels. These are responsible for osmotic phenomena, cell depolarization and loss of vital molecules (v.gr. ATP), leading to cell death.

What is example of alpha toxin is?

Alpha toxin or alpha-toxin refers to several different protein toxins produced by bacteria, including: Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin, a membrane-disrupting toxin that creates pores causing hemolysis and tissue damage.

What type of toxin is alpha toxin?

α-Toxin is a soluble hemolytic protein exotoxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus considered as the major factor contributing to the pathogenicity of S. aureus.

How does aflatoxin occur?

People can be exposed to aflatoxins by eating contaminated plant products (such as peanuts) or by consuming meat or dairy products from animals that ate contaminated feed. Farmers and other agricultural workers may be exposed by inhaling dust generated during the handling and processing of contaminated crops and feeds.

How do exotoxins work?

An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria. An exotoxin can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism. They are highly potent and can cause major damage to the host. Exotoxins may be secreted, or, similar to endotoxins, may be released during lysis of the cell.

What type of toxin is alpha hemolysin?

Alpha-toxin, also known as alpha-hemolysin (Hla), is the major cytotoxic agent released by bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the first identified member of the pore forming beta-barrel toxin family.

Does S aureus produce alpha toxin?

What is alpha hemolytic toxin?

Hence it is also referred to as lethal hemolytic toxin or α-hemolysin . Anti-staphylococcal α-toxin antibody can be used for studies of the toxin-membrane interaction. Rabbit anti-staphylococcal α-toxin antibody reacts specifically with staphylococcal α-toxin but not with staphylococcal enterotoxin A, cholera toxin or pseudomonas exotoxin A.

What is Staphylococcus α toxin?

Staphylococcal α toxin, a water soluble 33kD single polypeptide, is a cytotoxic agent secreted by Staphylococcus aureus. This protein has membrane damaging properties and accounts for erythrocyte lysis. Hence it is also referred to as lethal hemolytic toxin or α-hemolysin .

What is α-toxin antibody?

Hence it is also referred to as lethal hemolytic toxin or α-hemolysin . Anti-staphylococcal α-toxin antibody can be used for studies of the toxin-membrane interaction.

What is lethal hemolytic toxin?

This protein has membrane damaging properties and accounts for erythrocyte lysis. Hence it is also referred to as lethal hemolytic toxin or α-hemolysin .